CANINE VIROSES WITH THE GREATEST IMPACT IN SOUTH AMERICA: CURRENT STATUS, REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR HEALTH

DOI:10.23670/RC.2025.02.01

Abstract

Canine viral diseases continue to pose significant challenges for animal and public health in South America, despite the widespread availability of effective vaccines. Endemic infections such as canine parvovirosis, distemper, and rabies remain prevalent, particularly in areas with low vaccination coverage, and frequently spill over to susceptible wildlife. The persistence of these viruses reflects gaps in vaccination programs, weaknesses in epidemiological surveillance, and structural disparities in regulatory frameworks across the region. This editorial reviews the current status of major canine viral diseases in South America, highlighting their epidemiology, diagnosis, and control. It also addresses the emergence of novel pathogens including canine circovirus and respiratory coronavirus and the importance of genomic surveillance to anticipate viral evolution and dissemination. Future perspectives emphasize the potential of molecular tools such as next-generation sequencing, portable diagnostics, and artificial intelligence, alongside the development of innovative vaccines and oral immunization strategies. Adopting a One Health approach, the paper underscores the need for regional cooperation, integrated surveillance, and community engagement. The progress achieved in reducing dog-mediated rabies demonstrates that sustainable success is possible when science, political commitment, and public participation align. Extending these lessons to other canine viral diseases is crucial to safeguard animal health, biodiversity, and human well-being in South America.